As one of the GLI missions, a surface based measurement system was developed for Focused on Boundary Layer Aerosol, which has bimodal size distribution in volume. The system consists of five instruments: sky radiometer, integrating nepherometer, particle/soot absorption photometer, particle counter and step aerosol sampler. Dr. Ohta gave a thorough explanation of each instrument. The analysis on the single scattering albedo and heavy metals can be obtained through these five instruments.

The following are the two research plans using the system.

1. Measurement of optical and chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols at Fukuejima Island, from April 2000 to March 2003.
2. Measurement of optical properties of atmospheric aerosol on the Ship Mirai. This ship helps us get scattering and absorption coefficients. Single scattering albedo can be calculated from these coefficients. This research will be conducted from February 2000 to March 2003.

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The objective of this research is to study the regional and temporal variability of primary productivity using GLI in the SANP and AO and understand its mechanisms by using multi-sensor RS.

Dr. Seiichi Saito explained the three observations. Intensive ship observations are conducted in the coastal regions near Funka and Ishikari Bays and Northwestern and Northern Pacific. Extensive observations will be conducted with measurement bio-optical parameters in the Sub-Arctic Northern Pacific and the Arctic Ocean. Long-term desiment trap observations will be conducted in the sub-Arctic Northern Pacific and the Bering Sea.

Dr. Seiichi Saito also discussed the recent follow-on studies using OCTS/SeaWiFS, and the future approach plans.

Questions and Answers
None

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Time Series of Chlorophyll-a Map: Chl-a Concentration is deep in Indian Ocean Sector Which allows us to see Phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean .
Sea Ice and Chl-a Distribution:
Showed Study Plan: get truth data from Ice Breaker Shirase every year and combine the result with GLI and AMSR data.

Questions and Answers
None

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Dr. Mukai explained how the data of aerosol over ocean and land, and clouds over ocean and land could be obtained by combining two sensor facilities, POLDER and GLI. The former deals with polarization and directional information while the latter does the spectral and spatial fine information.

Dr. Mukai presented the current plan before the combined use of OCTS and POLDER. She compared the aerosol data retrieved from POLDER and OCTS, and the radiance data. As a result, she found that the polarization is promising to improve aerosol retrieval. Dr. Mukai also compared two channel algorithms of radiance and polarization and explained the aerosol retrieval chart. In conclusion, the retrieval of algorithm for aerosol has been improved in consideration of the role of radiance and polarization for optical properties of scattering particles.

The End of the New PI Sessions

Dr. Takamura explained the outline of GLI calibration/validation by using a flow chart. Usually we need post-flight calibration because of degradation of instruments.

• Explained Calibration Performance using a table (channel, wavelength...)
• Explained 6 different comparison charts of experimental results by channel; right now, the calibration team is considering how to get a new approximation formula. Dr. Shimada might show some details later in the session.
• Explained the GLI Calibration/Validation team makeup; who is working in what area by each group; GLI/AMSR.
• Key points of each validation activities by groups; Atmosphere (Time-continuous data; China, Mongolia, Intensive field experiments including aircraft observation; Thailand, Australia, around Japan) data collection at several validation sites and ships; Land, Ocean (Calibration using ship, buoy and AVIRIS); Cryosphere (Collaborative works with Professor Stamnes, Intensive campaign at lake Saroma and Barrow, Fairbanks, Alaska.)

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Dr. Pisone gave an informative presentation on AARRP. AARRP is one of the main activities of the Bureau of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation of Thailand. Its goal is to develop a broad-based technology transfer program to upgrade Thai weather modification capabilities (Phase I, '89-'94), and to quantify the water augmentation potential of promising rainmaking techniques identified under the AARRP through proof-of-concept experiments in a demonstration project (phase II: '94-'98). Dr. Pisone hopes for future collaboration with other international institutions to work on rainmaking, and to eliminate illegal fishing practices.

Questions and Answers
None

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Dr. Shimada presented the illustrations of GLI and OCTS to show the differences between the two. Main differences exist in radiometric (more channels in GLI), geometric (wider scan angle) and operation (tilting angle). Observation frequency is increased in GLI.

Dr. Shimada identified problems in OCTS Cal/Val and the approaches to implement them in GLI. For example, OCTS had problems such as stripes in VIS/IR, non-linearity, etc..

Definition of calibration: Relationship between the Level 1a DN and the input radiance (L) and clarification of its accuracy ( including geometric performance).

• Problem in OCTS Cal/Val and Approach in GLI: OCTS had problems such as Stripes in VIS/IR, Non linearity, Absolute Calibration, Geometry (Relative: Band to band registration/Absolute: Geo-location). Presented suggested approaches in GLI to implement these problems.
• Calibration data publication available on web
• Explained Data exchange between EOC and EORC
• Overall schedule of Calibration and Validation for GLI

Questions and Answers
Q: What is your strategy for covering such a high radiance dynamics for AVIRIS flight plan? Are there more AVIRIS flights? (Dr. Teruyuki Nakajima)
A: Will do.
* Dr. Teruyuki Nakajima's request:
Please add vicarious calibration data to calibration activities list. Vicarious calibration is classified as validation category but will do that. Please also estimate the flight hour.
* Teruyuki Nakajima's Comment:
Non-scanner sensor will be useful. Please inform us if you have the information for such radiometer.
* Dr. Ackerman's Comment:
HIS and Imaging HIS can be used for thermal calibration.

Q: (Dr. Lynch, Curtin University) Is calibration of the thermal infrared bands (8.6/10.8/12 µm) planned?
A: No.
*Suggestions from Dr. Lynch
Consider using HIS which is well calibrated. It is not scanning. Maybe JAXA should consider flying an engineering model of GLI for validation so that geometry is the same.

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• Contents: Validation schedule, Validation plan (documents to be prepared by RESTEC Cal/Val plan documents, validation note), and future plan
• Explained the overall schedule of calibration and validation for GLI in detail. Focus on delivery of algorithm upgrading.
• Validation plan will be described in the following two documents. ADEOS-II/GLI Cal/Val Plan; Overall Cal/Val schedule and plan are described. ADEOS-II/GLI Validation Note (each community); more detailed schedule of validation plan for each community.
• GLI Validation Note (concentrating on operation, check-out, trial operation, and regular operation).
• Issues on Validation Note: In-situ data collection (management of instruments and QC for situ data), Production of data sets for GLI Ocean Validation, Validation and Vicarious Calibration, Information exchange (to inform RESTEC validation status, operation schedules and data exchange).
• Organization Relationship for validation (flow chart)
• MUD( Match Up Data ) Work Flow: Result of validation will be open to public on web.
• Future Plan: Discuss with data providers on observation plans, schedules and parameters. Development for validation tools, including communication system. Updating the documents, keep the documents open to Cal/Val communities.

*Mr. Ito's Comment:
Update plan for validation is every 6 months. More discussions are necessary on update of products, especially Level-1B calibration timing and algorithm update timing, practical capability of team activities. Mr. Ito hopes each team leader will take this into account in the meetings to follow.

End of the Session